关于肥胖的研究

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Research on obesityThe study of a serious problem with a straight forward solution.Extensive research on obesity has shed light on the problem from several points of view. Science describes for us the epidemic of obesity, the issues of chronic disease and high cost, and also the proven solutions through lifestyle change. This article highlights the recent key studies, facts and figures. Obesity has a growing prevalence in the population. Based on results from the 2007–2008 U. S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 34% of adults are obese, and another 34% are overweight, leaving only 32% in the normal weight category. In the late 1980’s, only 23% of US adults were obese. The CDC created a map that compares obesity every year in each state through 2010. Looking at the maps, you can see a huge increase in the obesity rate in each state between 1988 and 2010. (9) View the CDC obesity map. Obesity has close links to diabetes, heart disease.Research on obesity also shows that excess weight does far more than place extra strain on muscles and joints. A diet and lifestyle that causes the body to store excess fat will often impair an essential bodily function--the ability to manage and utilize energy sources (glucose) in the bloodstream. The UK journal Diabetic Medicine found that obesity and overweight account for a majority of the cases of diabetes in a study of the medical records of over 15,000 participants. (10) Predictably, along with the rise in obesity in the US, diabetes cases have almost doubled since 1997. The CDC reports that 35% of adults 20 years old or older is pre-diabetic--having too much glucose in the bloodstream, and 8.3% of the population has diabetes. In addition, 1.3 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in 2010 alone. Almost 26 million people have a preventable, but very serious disease that requires extensive time and resources to manage, and about 79 million people have a high risk of developing the same problems. (11) Diabetes has a dire set of complications including stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, nerve damage, kidney disease, skin disorders, and lower limb amputations. These problems cause undue suffering and disability for the diabetic, and hardship for their family and friends. The CDC also states that people with diabetes have 2 times the death risk of non-diabetics who are the same age. (11)
Effects on life expectancy Excess weight by itself appears to significantly reduce life expectancy, according to research on obesity from in the Annals of Internal Medicine. In an analysis of 3000+ participants over a 42 year period, 40-year-old obese females (non-smoking) lived 7.1 fewer years compared to their peers of normal weight. For the 40-year-old obese male non-smokers, it was a 5.8 year difference compared to their peers. (12) Costs Viewing the issues from an economic standpoint, for the year 2008, research on obesity uncovered medical care costs in the United States at just under $150 billion, having been $78.5 billion in 1998. Researchers estimate the medical costs for an obese person are about 36% higher on average, compared to those of a normal weight person. In addition, the American Diabetes Association found that total spending for diabetes in the US was $174 billion in 2007. (13-15)
Research on obesity and lifestyle change The good news is that weight loss can be achieved with lifestyle change, and diabetes is preventable, even for people who are overweight and are pre-diabetic. In 2002, the New England Journal of Medicine published a study showing that changes in diet and exercise reduced the risk of developing diabetes by 58% for the pre-diabetic population (people who already have elevated blood glucose levels). Lifestyle change, in this large study, turned out to be more effective than medication in reducing the risk of developing diabetes. As an example of lifestyle change leading to weight loss, the University of Pittsburgh had a 12 month successful weight loss study for over 100 morbidly obese persons. Participants lost an average of 25 pounds with standard exercise and diet modifications.


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