Balance Ability and Athletic Performance.

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Title:Balance Ability and Athletic Performance.
Authors:Hrysomallis, Con
Source:Sports Medicine, 2011, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p221 12p.
Language:English
Database:SPORTDiscus with Full Text
Institute:Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living,School of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne,Victoria, Australia.
Abstract:
The relationship between balance ability and sportinjury risk has been established in many cases, but the relationshipbetween balance ability and athletic performance is less clear. This review compares the balance ability of athletes from different sports,determines if there is a difference in balance ability of athletes atdifferent levels of competition within the same sport, determines therelationship of balance ability with performance measures and examinesthe influence of balance training on sport performance or motor skills.Based on the available data from cross-sectional studies, gymnaststended to have the best balance ability, followed by soccer players,swimmers, active control subjects and then basketball players. Surprisingly, no studies were found that compared the balance ability of rifle shooters with other athletes. There were some sports,such as rifle shooting, soccer and golf, where elite athletes werefound to have superior balance ability compared with their lessproficient counterparts, but this was not found to be the case foralpine skiing, surfing and judo. Balanceability was shown to be significantly related to rifle shootingaccuracy, archery shooting accuracy, ice hockey maximum skating speedand simulated luge start speed, but not for baseball pitching accuracyor snowboarding ranking points. Prospectivestudies have shown that the addition of a balance training component tothe activities of recreation-ally active subjects or physical educationstudents has resulted in improvements in vertical jump, agility,shuttle run and downhill slalom skiing. A proposed mechanism for the enhancement in motor skills from balance training is an increase in the rate of force development. There are limited data on the influence of balance training on motor skills of elite athletes.When the effectiveness of balance training was compared with resistancetraining, it was found that resistance training produced superiorperformance results for jump height and sprint time. Balance ability was related to competition level for some sports, with the more proficient athletes displaying greater balance ability. There were significant relationships between balance ability and a number of performance measures.Evidence from prospective studies supports the notion that balancetraining can be a worthwhile adjunct to the usual training of non-eliteathletes to enhance certain motor skills, but not in place of otherconditioning such as resistance training. More research is required to determine the influence of balance training on the motor skills of elite athletes.

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