DETERMINING THE MODE

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DETERMINING THE MODE Cardiorespiratory exercise should be used to improve cardiorespiratory endurance. Cardiorespiratory exercises are continuous, dynamic exercise, which utilizes large muscle masses, requiring aerobic metabolic pathways to sustain the activity. Cardiorespiratory exercise can improve cardiorespiratory endurance as well as prevent and treat modern chronic disease. Even though physical activity has a similar effect on the prevention of disease, the role of physical activity in the treatment of modern chronic disease has yet to be established. When physical activity is programmed for health, activities that produce an energy expenditure beyond the intensity of activities of daily living (i.e. greater than 2.5 METs) should be recommended.

Examples of physical activities can be found listed below

Household Activities Cleaning the house Ironing clothes Home repair	Leisure Activities Carpentry Washing the car Walking the dog
Outdoor Activities Gardening Splitting wood	Work Activities Construction Lifting and carrying

Examples of cardiorespiratory exercise are listed below.

Cycling Upright Recumbent Swimming Jogging or Running Walking

Cross Country Skiing Hiking Skating Roller Blading Skipping Rope Dancing Aerobic Games

Cardiorespiratory activities can be classified different ways. One way is to classify by skill and energy expenditure and another is to classify by the dependence of body weight. Categories for skill and energy expenditure groupings are listed below.

Group	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3
Definition	Ease of maintaining constant intensity Low interindividual variation in energy expenditure	Ease of maintaining constant intensity Energy expenditure is related to skill	Skill highly variable Energy expenditure highly variable
Use	Desirable for more precise control of exercise intensity: Beginning an exercise program Rehabilitation	Not contraindicated for the early stages of conditioning, but skill must be considered.	Good for group interactions, but caution must be taken for High risk-low fit Symptomatic patients
Examples	Treadmill Walking Cycle Ergometry	Swimming Cross-Country Skiing	Racquet Sports Basketball Soccer

Group 1 activities are recommended for exercise programs/prescriptions where the intensity is important to regulate and maintain. For example, control of exercise intensity to prevent overuse injuries in the novice exerciser who is overweight may limit the mode of exercise to those in Group 1. Similarly, more Group 1 exercises are utilized in rehabilitation programs where the control of exercise intensity is vital to the safety of the exercise program. However, as individual advances to higher fitness progression to exercises from Groups 2 and 3 may provide more variation in the types of activities.
Classifying cardiovascular exercise by body weight dependency is a different classification system than by skill and energy expenditure. Weight dependent exercises, or weight bearing activities, are those in which the body weight is moved throughout the exercise. Examples of weight bearing exercise are walking, jogging, running, and hiking.
On the other hand, in weight independent exercise, or non-weight bearing activity, the body weight is supported by the implement or media and does not contribute to the energy expenditure. Examples of non-weight bearing exercise are cycling and swimming. Non-weight bearing exercise may be more effective in preventing lower limb overuse injuries associated with exercise.
The mode of exercise that is effective in producing the desired outcome must be the first consideration in choosing the mode of exercise. However, modifications and variations can be made in mode to promote adherence as needed. Varying the mode of exercise among the weekly workouts and substituting recreational activities may be strategies that promote a higher adherence to the exercise.


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