肥胖对于经济的影响

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Economic impactIn addition to its health impacts, obesity leads to many problems including disadvantages in employment[167][168] and increased business costs. These effects are felt by all levels of society from individuals, to corporations, to governments.
In 2005, the medical costs attributable to obesity in the US were an estimated $190.2 billion or 20.6% of all medical expenditures,[169] [170][171] while the cost of obesity in Canada was estimated at CA$2 billion in 1997 (2.4% of total health costs).[63] The total annual direct cost of overweight and obesity in Australia in 2005 was AUD $21 billion. Overweight and obese Australians also received AUD $35.6 billion in government subsidies.[172] The estimate range for annual expenditures on diet products is $40 billion to $100 billion in the US alone.[173]
Obesity prevention programs have been found to reduce the cost of treating obesity-related disease. However, the longer people live, the more medical costs they incur. Researchers therefore conclude that reducing obesity may improve the public's health, but it is unlikely to reduce overall health spending.[174]

Services must accommodate obese people with specialist equipment such as much wider chairs.[175]


Obesity can lead to social stigmatization and disadvantages in employment.[167] When compared to their normal weight counterparts, obese workers on average have higher rates of absenteeism from work and take more disability leave, thus increasing costs for employers and decreasing productivity.[176] A study examining Duke University employees found that people with a BMI over 40 filed twice as many workers' compensation claims as those whose BMI was 18.5–24.9. They also had more than 12 times as many lost work days. The most common injuries in this group were due to falls and lifting, thus affecting the lower extremities, wrists or hands, and backs.[177] The US state of Alabama Employees' Insurance Board approved a controversial plan to charge obese workers $25 per month if they do not take measures to reduce their weight and improve their health. These measures started in January 2010 and apply to those with a BMI of greater than 35 kg/m2 who fail to make improvements in their health after one year.[178]
Some research shows that obese people are less likely to be hired for a job and are less likely to be promoted.[163] Obese people are also paid less than their non-obese counterparts for an equivalent job. Obese women on average make 6% less and obese men make 3% less.[179]
Specific industries, such as the airline, healthcare and food industries, have special concerns. Due to rising rates of obesity, airlines face higher fuel costs and pressures to increase seating width.[180] In 2000, the extra weight of obese passengers cost airlines US$275 million.[181] The healthcare industry has had to invest in special facilities for handling severely obese patients, including special lifting equipment and bariatric ambulances.[182] Costs for restaurants are increased by litigation accusing them of causing obesity.[183] In 2005 the US Congress discussed legislation to prevent civil law suits against the food industry in relation to obesity; however, it did not become law.[183]


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