怀孕期间运动的益处

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Benefits from Exercise during PregnancyThe maternal benefits are both physical and psychological. According to the Sport Medicine Australia (SMA) organization statement published in March 2002 there have been no studies finding negative effects of moderate intensity aerobic training on the development of the fetus or on the outcome of the pregnancy; in fact the benefits appear to clearly outweigh the defined risks of exercise on the fetus and the outcome of pregnancy (SMA statement, 2002, Sternfeld, 1997). Common complaints (i.e., fatigue, swelling of the extremities, etc.) seen with pregnancy are often reduced in active women (Horns et al., 1996). Compared to sedentary controls, active pregnant women experience less insomnia, stress, anxiety, and depression; as well as a better sense of well-being throughout gestation (Goodwin et al., 2000). Goodwin et al. (2000) confirmed there are attitudinal changes toward a person's body image as the changes in size and shape occur with pregnancy. The perseceptions of one's body increase in a negative manner as pregancy progresses. Goodwin et al. (2000) did find exercises had a more positive attitude when it came to their body image. The findings support, the belief that women who exercise during a time of physical change will have a greater sense of well-being and feel more positive about their self image. Additionally, it has been seen in some studies women participating in weight-bearing exercise throughout pregnancy reduce the length of labor and decrease delivery complications (Clapp, 1990). The common theme with the literature is there is contraversial evidence as to what complaints are elimited or limited because of exercise, but the overall effect of exercise on pregnant women is a positive one. A topic which in the past was thought to be adversely effected by exercise during pregnancy was the fetus birthweight. A analysis of current research suggests exercise throughout gestation does not appreciably affect the infant birthweight (Leet and Flick, 2003). There have been no risks associated with exercising within safe means.

Pregnant women, tend to be more aware of their personal health, as well as the potential impact of their actions (i.e., exercise and nutrition) on their unborn child, throughout gestation. This means, pregnancy can be looked at as a perfect time to introduce physical activity and its protective effect on coronary heart disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, diabetes, and personal well-being (depression) to all individuals. One of the main benefits to women making the choice to exercise during gestation is the maintenance or improvement of fitness (Brown, 2002). Clapp (2000) found more than 90% of women who choose to exercise throughout pregnancy continue to exercise postpartum, and more than 70% of these women are able to reach or exceed pre-pregnancy fitness levels. Starting when personal health and health of an unborn child is in the forefront of your mind is a great time to start the healthy lifestyle choice of incorporating physical activity into a daily routine.

Summary List of Potential Benefits:

• fatigue, nausea, constipation, back pain, and swelling of the extremities reduced
• less insomnia, stress, anxiety, and depression
• better mental health and emotional well-being
• reduction of the length of labor and decrease in delivery complications
• maintenance or improvement of fitness
• possible prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus
  

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